GHSA-82j2-j2ch-gfr8

### Summary `bit_string_flags()` in `src/der.rs` panics with an index-out-of-bounds when given a BIT STRING whose content is exactly `[0x00]` (one byte: zero padding bits, zero data bytes). This is reachable through the public API `BorrowedCertRevocationList::from_der()` via the `issuingDistributionPoint` CRL extension. **Precondition**: CRL checking is opt-in in rustls-webpki. This vulnerability affects only applications that explicitly pass `RevocationOptions` to `verify_for_usage()` and load CRL bytes from a source the attacker can influence. The default rustls configuration (no `RevocationOptions`) is not affected. > **AI disclosure**: This report was prepared with AI assistance (Claude). The vulnerability was discovered by differential fuzzing against a formally-verified Rust oracle. All technical claims have been independently verified against the live source code before submission. ### Details `bit_string_flags()` in `src/der.rs` reads the content of named-bit BIT STRINGs (KeyUsage, ReasonFlags, etc.). Its input guard: ```rust if padding_bits > 7 || (raw_bits.is_empty() && padding_bits != 0) { return Err(Error::BadDer); } let last_byte = raw_bits[raw_bits.len() - 1]; // ← crash ``` misses the case `padding_bits == 0 && raw_bits.is_empty()`. When a BIT STRING has content `[0x00]` (one padding-bits byte set to zero, no data bytes): - padding_bits = 0x00 — passes the > 7 check ✓ - raw_bits = [] — passes is_empty() && != 0 check ✓ (because 0 != 0 is false) - raw_bits.len() - 1 = 0usize - 1 = underflow → usize::MAX - raw_bits[usize::MAX] → panic Debug: thread 'main' panicked: attempt to subtract with overflow Release: thread 'main' panicked: index out of bounds: the len is 0 but the index is 18446744073709551615 ### PoC Cargo.toml: ``` [dependencies] rustls-webpki = "0.102.8" # also reproduces on 0.103.12 ``` src/main.rs: ``` fn main() { let crl: &[u8] = &[ 0x30, 0x65, 0x30, 0x50, 0x02, 0x01, 0x01, 0x30, 0x0d, 0x06, 0x09,