Medusa Group
[Medusa Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G1051) has been active since at least 2021 and was initially operated as a closed ransomware group before evolving into a Ransomware-as-a-Service (RaaS) operation. Some reporting indicates that certain attacks may still be conducted directly by the ransomware’s core developers. Public sources have also referred to the group as “Spearwing” or “Medusa Actors.” (Citation: CISA Medusa Group Medusa Ransomware March 2025) (Citation: Broadcom Medusa Ransomware Medusa Group March 2025) [Medusa Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G1051) employs living-off-the-land techniques, frequently leveraging publicly available tools and common remote management software to conduct operations. The group engages in double extortion tactics, exfiltrating data prior to encryption and threatening to publish stolen information if ransom demands are not met. (Citation: Security Scorecard Medusa Ransomware January 2024) For initial access, [Medusa Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G1051) has exploited publicly known vulnerabilities, conducted phishing campaigns, and used credentials or access purchased from Initial Access Brokers (IABs). The group is opportunistic and has targeted a wide range of sectors globally. (Citation: Intel471 Medusa Ransomware May 2025)
Properties
- stix_id
- intrusion-set--918da025-04bd-48af-b6c4-f3e4d1b915eb
- signal_observed_at
- 2026-09-11T17:55:00+00:00
- type
- intrusion-set
MITRE ATT&CK Techniques (50)
Adversaries may purchase or otherwise acquire an existing access to a target system or network. A variety of online services and initial access broker
Adversaries may employ a known asymmetric encryption algorithm to conceal command and control traffic rather than relying on any inherent protections
Adversaries may bypass UAC mechanisms to elevate process privileges on system. Windows User Account Control (UAC) allows a program to elevate its priv
In addition to clearing system logs, an adversary may clear the command history of a compromised account to conceal the actions undertaken during an i
Adversaries may create, acquire, or steal code signing materials to sign their malware or tools. Code signing provides a level of authenticity on a bi
Adversaries may obfuscate content during command execution to impede detection. Command-line obfuscation is a method of making strings and patterns wi
Adversaries may use the Windows Component Object Model (COM) for local code execution. COM is an inter-process communication (IPC) component of the na
Adversaries may encrypt data on target systems or on large numbers of systems in a network to interrupt availability to system and network resources.
Adversaries may attempt to enumerate local device drivers on a victim host. Information about device drivers may highlight various insights that shape
Adversaries may disable or modify host-based or network firewalls to impair defensive mechanisms and enable further action. Once an adversary has gath
Adversaries may disable or modify system firewalls in order to bypass controls limiting network usage. Changes could be disabling the entire mechanism
Adversaries may modify and/or disable security tools to avoid possible detection of their malware/tools and activities. This may take many forms, such
Adversaries may disable, degrade, or tamper with security tools or applications (e.g., endpoint detection and response (EDR) tools, intrusion detectio
Adversaries may create a domain account to maintain access to victim systems. Domain accounts are those managed by Active Directory Domain Services wh
Adversaries may attempt to find domain-level groups and permission settings. The knowledge of domain-level permission groups can help adversaries dete
Adversaries may create email accounts that can be used during targeting. Adversaries can use accounts created with email providers to further their op
Adversaries may exfiltrate data to a cloud storage service rather than over their primary command and control channel. Cloud storage services allow fo
Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network. The weakness in the system can be a
Adversaries may delete files left behind by the actions of their intrusion activity. Malware, tools, or other non-native files dropped or created on a
Adversaries may enumerate files and directories or may search in specific locations of a host or network share for certain information within a file s
Adversaries may steal monetary resources from targets through extortion, social engineering, technical theft, or other methods aimed at their own fina
Adversaries may use hidden windows to conceal malicious activity from the plain sight of users. In some cases, windows that would typically be display
Adversaries may impair command history logging to hide commands they run on a compromised system. Various command interpreters keep track of the comma
Adversaries may transfer tools or other files from an external system into a compromised environment. Tools or files may be copied from an external ad
Adversaries may delete or remove built-in data and turn off services designed to aid in the recovery of a corrupted system to prevent recovery.(Citati
Adversaries may attempt to access credential material stored in the process memory of the Local Security Authority Subsystem Service (LSASS). After a
Adversaries may transfer tools or other files between systems in a compromised environment. Once brought into the victim environment (i.e., [Ingress T
Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of local system accounts. This information can help adversaries determine which local accounts exist on a sys
Adversaries may abuse mmc.exe to proxy execution of malicious .msc files. Microsoft Management Console (MMC) is a binary that may be signed by Microso
Adversaries may interact with the Windows Registry as part of a variety of other techniques to aid in defense evasion, persistence, and execution. Ac
Software & Tools (6)
[Medusa Ransomware](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1244) has been utilized in attacks since at least 2021. [Medusa Ransomware](https://attack.mitr
[Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) is a credential dumper capable of obtaining plaintext Windows account logins and passwords, along
[Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) is a credential dumper capable of obtaining plaintext Windows account logins and passwords, along
[PsExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0029) is a free Microsoft tool that can be used to execute a program on another computer. It is used by IT
[Rclone](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1040) is a command line program for syncing files with cloud storage services such as Dropbox, Google Driv
[certutil](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0160) is a command-line utility that can be used to obtain certificate authority information and configu
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